The aims and methods of education according to Wacław Nałkowski and contemporary authors
Keywords:
Wacław Nałkowski, learning objectives, teaching methods, teaching resources, errors in teachingAbstract
An important task of geographical education is thought to be the formulation of teaching objectives, the selection of contents and development of teaching methods. The primary task is then to define teaching objectives since the formulation of objectives is thought to be a decisive factor in the selection of contents and methods. All these topics constitute the subject matter of the special branch of geography distinguished by Nałkowski, namely the „school geography”, which was seen as extremely important. The article contains a comparison of contemporary geography teaching purposes according to Stanisław Zając, and those promoted by Wacław Nałkowski. The author concludes that although the modern geographical education goals are not significantly different from those formulated by Nałkowski, school reality increasingly deviates from the standards fixed by him more than a century ago. Therefore, Nałkowski is a scholar whose views are respected only officially and occasionally, especially at theoretical level. In school practice, however, there are promoted methods and manuals, which serve mainly to fill-in students’ brain with theory, and to break their natural, instinctive resistance.
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