The Demographic Transition: Analysis of Nuptiality Component on Change of Fertility in Rwanda

Authors

  • Etienne Gatera Uniwersytet Pedagogiczny im. Komisji Edukacji Narodowej, Instytut Geografii

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.24917/20845456.16.6

Abstract

This study is an assessment of the impact of the nuptiality component on the change in the fertility process, which is part of the demographic transition in Rwanda. It focusses on indicators such as age of first marriage, rates of divorce, separation, marriage dissolution, widowhood, polygamy, and number of unmarried people, for their impact on the change in total fertility rate (TFR) in Rwanda. Further, the study examines nuptiality level and behaviour in Rwanda. It is based on the investigation and interpretation of data from various reports of the National Institute Statistics of Rwanda (NISR) and the World Bank (WB), as well as data from
experiments conducted by the researcher. The study concluded that, according to most of the reports, these indicators of nuptiality did contribute to the change of TFR during the demographic transition in Rwanda. Further, it recommended that the public statistical institution (NISR) should conduct a study on homosexuality and its impact on TFR in Rwanda. This study consists of four sections: section 1 - introduction; section 2 - literature review; section 3 - data and methods; section 4 - analytical methods, results and conclusion.

References

Abifarin, O. & Chijioke, J.O. (2016). Same-Sex Marriage, Human Rights and Cultural Diversity. Kapur Surya Foundation, 20(1), 126-139.

Boertien D., Härkönen J., Goode W.J. (2014). Less Education, More Divorce: Explaining the Inverse Relationship between Women’s Education and Divorce. Stockholm: Stockholm University.

Botev, N. (1990). Nuptiality in the Course of the Demographic Transition: The Experience of the Balkan Countries. Great Britain. Taylor & Francis, Ltd. 44 (1), 107-126.

Boyle, P. (2003). Population Geography: Does Geography Matter in Fertility Research? Progress in Human Geography, 27(5), 615-626. DOI:10.1191/0309132503ph452pr.

Bundervoet, T., Lakner, C. & Geli, P. (2015). Rwanda Poverty Assessment: Poverty Global Practice Africa Region. Washington, D.C., USA. World Bank Group.

Canning, D., Raja, S., & Yazbeck, A. (Eds.). (2015). Africa’s Demographic Transition: Dividend or Disaster? Washington, D.C., 20433: World Bank Group.

Chojnacka., H. (1995). The Role of Nuptiality in the Demographic Transition. The Case of Africa: A Conceptual Essay. Università degli Studi di Roma “La Sapienza", 51(3/4), 117-150.

Consolee, U. (2014). Women’s Rights and the Well-being of the Rwandan family. Gothenburg: Gothenburg University.

Defo, B.K. (2014). Demographic, Epidemiological, and Health Transitions: Are They Relevant to Population Health Patterns in Africa? Global Health Action, 7(1), 2243. DOI: 10.3402/gha.v7.22443

Dlamini, B. (2011). Homosexuality in the African Context. Agenda, 20(67), 128-136, DOI: 10.1080/10130950.2006.9674706

Flannelly, L.T., Flannelly, K.J. & Jankowski, K.R.B. (2014). Independent, Dependent, and Other Variables in Healthcare and Chaplaincy Research. Journal of Health Care Chaplaincy, 20(4), DOI:10.1080/08854726.2014.959374

Galor, O. (2012). The Demographic Transition: Causes and Consequences. Cliometrica, 6(1), 1-28. DOI:10.1007/s11698-011-0062-7

Genchev, E. (2019). Analysis of Logistics Sector in the European Union. Economic and Social Development: Book of Proceedings, 836-843. DOI:10.2139/ssrn.3557849

Handwerker, W.P. (1983). The First Demographic Transition: An Analysis of Subsistence Choices and Reproductive Consequences. American Anthropologist, 85(1), 5-27. DOI: 10.1525/aa.1983.85.1.02a00010

Haste, P. & Gatete, T.K. (2015). Sexuality, Poverty and Politics in Rwanda. UK, England: Institute of Development Studies.

Haupt, A. & Kane, T.T. (1998). Population Handbook (4th International Ed.). Population Reference Bureau. Washington D.C., USA.

Korn E.L. & Graubard B.I. (2012). Examples of Differing Weighted and Unweighted Estimates from a Sample Survey. The American Statistician, 49(3), 291-295, DOI: 10.1080/00031305.1995.10476167

Lesthaeghe R. & Neels, K. (2002). From the First to the Second Demographic: Transition: An Interpretation of the Spatial Continuity of Demographic Innovation in France, Belgium and Switzerland. European Journal of Population / Revue Européenne de Démographie, 18, 325-360, DOI:10.1023/A:1021125800070

Lesthaeghe, R. (2010). The Unfolding Story of the Second Demographic Transition. Population and Development Review, 36 (2), 211-151. DOI:10.1111/j.1728-4457.2010.00328.x

Lesthaeghe, R. (2014). The Second Demographic Transition: A Concise Overview of its Development. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 111(51), 18112-18115, DOI:10.1073/pnas.1420441111

Lesthaeghe, R. (2020). The Second Demographic Transition, 1986-2020: Sub-replacement Fertility and Rising Cohabitation - A Global Update. Springer, 76(10), DOI:10.1186/s41118-020-00077-4

Morini, M. (2017). Same-Sex Marriage and Other Moral Taboos: Cultural Acceptances, Change in American Public Opinion and the Evidence from the Opinion Polls. European Association of American Studies, 11(3), 12, DOI: 10.4000/ejas.11824

Mukashema, I. & Sapsford, R. (2013). Marital Conflicts in Rwanda: Points of View of Rwandan Psycho-socio-medical Professionals. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 82, 149-168, DOI:10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.06.239

National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda (NISR). (2012). Fourth Population and Housing Survey. NISR. Kigali, Rwanda.

National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda (NISR). (2014). Rwanda Thematic Report on Marital Status and Nuptiality. NISR. Kigali, Rwanda.

National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda (NISR). (2016). Rwanda Demographic and Health Survey, 2014-15: Final Report. National

Institute of Statistics of Rwanda; Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning; Ministry of Health; the DHS Programme, ICF International. NISR. Kigali, Rwanda.

National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda (NISR). (2019). Rwanda Vital Statistics Report 2019. NISR. Kigali, Rwanda. Edition 2, 1-93.

National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda (NISR). (2020). Labour Force Survey Trends. NISR. Kigali, Rwanda.

Ntaganira (2010). Trends in Female Age at First Marriage in Rwanda. Butare, Rwanda. Rwanda Medical Journal, 68(4), 52-55.

Parker, K., Wang, W. & Molly, R. (2014). Record Share of Americans Have Never Married: As Values, Economics and Gender Patterns Change. Washington, D.C., USA: Pew Research Center’s Social & Demographic Trends Project.

Reniers, G. (2003). Divorce and Remarriage in Rural Malawi. Demographic Research, Special Collection 1, 6, 175-206, DOI:10.4054/DemRes.2003.S1.6

Republic of Rwanda. (2016). Personal and Family Law, Official Gazette nº37 of 12/09/2016. National Official Gazette. Kigali. Rwanda.

Republic of South Africa. (2006). No. 29441 Government Gazette; Vol.: 497Civil Union Act [No. 17 of 2006]. South Africa Government Gazette. Johannesburg.

Shepard, L.D. (2012). The Impact of Polygamy on Women’s Mental Health: A Systematic Review. Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences, 22(1), 47-62, DOI: 10.1017/S2045796012000121

South, S.J. (1985). Economic Conditions and the Divorce Rate: A Time-Series Analysis of the Postwar United States, Minnesota, USA. National Council on Family Relations, 47(1), 31-41.

Tabutin D., Schoumaker B., Translated by Mireille Rabenoro. (2004). The Demography of Sub-Saharan Africa from the 1950s to the 2000s. Paris, Institut National d’Etudes Démographiques. 457-519+ 455-555.

Zaidi, B. & Morgan, S.P. (2017). The Second Demographic Transition Theory: A Review and Appraisal. Annual Review of Sociology, 43, 473-492. DOI:10.1146/annurev-soc-060116-053442.

Downloads

Published

2021-12-26

Issue

Section

Articles